HUMAN AND ANIMAL EVOLUTION CONTRASTED 23 



has been obtaining century after century in all direc- 

 tions. This information manifestly constitutes the 

 foundation of modern civilization and is most cer- 

 tainly a direct result of man's social relations. 



6. Accumulations. By this term we refer to the 

 material wealth which man has been heaping up age 

 after age, and it includes all those works of mankind 

 that an earlier generation prepares and which a later 

 generation uses. This wealth has to-day come to 

 be of vast extent. 



These various attributes together, it will be read- 

 ily agreed, comprise all of the highest phases of 

 human life. It is these acquirements that have en- 

 abled man to place himself upon a plane far above 

 all other animals; these which have given him his 

 command over nature, animate and inanimate ; these 

 which set the human race so far above the mere 

 human animal. Blot these all out of existence, and 

 man would be a brute surely, little superior to his 

 closest animal allies, a rather weak animal, being 

 poorly protected by nature and poorly furnished 

 with either offensive or defensive powers. Far 

 below the lowest savage would he stand, and surely 

 almost on a par with brutes. A human animal he 

 would be; but world-wide different from man as we 

 now understand the term. We cannot avoid the 

 conclusion that the real man is the social individual, 

 and his unique characteristics, all his highest attri- 

 butes, are those coming from his social rather than 

 those coming from his animal nature. The real ad- 

 vance of man over the animals has been in develop- 

 ing his social attributes and not in becoming a better 

 animal. 



A little further consideration of these various fea- 



