HUMAN AND ANIMAL EVOLUTION CONTRASTED 43 



with the forces and influences that have been at work 

 in its progress. In this sketch, of course, we have 

 no thought of giving the deiails of that evolution, for 

 this would involve universal history. Our object is, 

 rather, to gain an outline which shall disclose the 

 salient features of social evolution, together with sug- 

 gestions as to its general direction in the past and 

 its probable future. Such a picture ^^^'. give us the 

 latest chapter in the long history of ev-jlution, a his- 

 tory that began, we know not how far back, with the 

 first form of life that appeared on the earth. Our 

 second purpose will be to show how completely this 

 final phase of evolution has been controlled by what 

 we have called social, in distinction from organic 

 heredity. 



This discussion will be taken up in the following 

 order : 



The origin and development of language. 



The origin and development of the moral sense 

 and moral codes. 



The beginnings and development of society. 



The fundamental laws and principles of social 

 evolution. 



The relation of social evolution to social and or- 

 ganic heredity. 



