CHAPTER VI 



THE GROWTH OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIZA- 

 TION 



Recognizing that social evolution has been founded 

 upon a constant increase in the size of organizations, 

 we may next inquire into the methods by which these 

 organizations have been brought about. 



Organization Centered Around Individuals 



One of the most important factors in this develop- 

 ment of organization has been the influence of indi- 

 viduals. The first indication of a higher organiza- 

 tion than the family is the appearance of a chieftain 

 who exercises authority over a group of men among 

 whom he lives. Among the lowest tribes there are 

 no real chieftains such as are found among the 

 higher tribes, although here it may happen that some 

 individual, by virtue of his greater physical strength, 

 his greater cunning, or his greater intelligence, 

 makes himself influential. Indeed, the natural differ- 

 ence in ability of individuals inevitably gives to 

 single men exceptional influence over others. Such 

 a person, while he retains his vigor, is listened to, 

 obeyed, and becomes the leader of the tribe in opera- 

 tions for offense or defense. But such an individual 

 is only a temporary chieftain, and loses his authority 

 as soon as another arises who, by means of superior 

 genius or as the result of the waning strength of the 

 first chieftain, can force himself into authority. We 

 can understand that in all tribes a chieftain is a 



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