GROWTH OP TYPES OF ORGANIZATION 1S7 



ventured to question the authority of the father over 

 his family, a power based upon the conception that 

 the family was his property. As the family in- 

 creased in size the same principle held, extending^ 

 from the family to the tribe, from the tribe to the 

 kingdom, and resulting eventually in what is called 

 pat riarchal g overnment. Under this system the 

 chieftain wasalways "a hereditary leader, and his 

 power was handed down from generation to genera- 

 tion without question. As the members of the family 

 recognized a complete subservience to the father, so 

 the members of the tribes and kingdoms recognized 

 the king as their common father and yielded to him 

 perfect subservience. The king was, of course, the 

 war chieftain, since none but the king could command 

 obedience, and his power was thus immensely in- 

 creased by wai;. An unsuccessful war dethroned him 

 and overthrew his nation, but a successful war, yield- 

 ing, as it did, spoils of which he, as leader, took the 

 larger proportion, constantly augmented his influ- 

 ence by progressive and increasing steps. 



The King a Religious Head. — From the very first the 

 thought of the king as a religious leader has accom- 

 panied the idea of his political leadership. Religion, 

 as we shall see later, has been_a^yery^owerfuXfectaE 

 in producing organization^^ furnishing promises of 

 future rewards for present sacrifices, and the one 

 who is supposed to mediate between man and super- 

 natural powers naturally obtained great influence. 

 In a family the father was the religious head, and in 

 these early nations the leader was always the reli- 

 gious leader. In the early nations founded upon 

 patriarchal principles the king directed the religious 

 rites, and he it was who was regarded as having the 



