GROWTH OF TYPES OF ORGANIZATION 171 



tribes, and was thus the beginning of the modern 

 nation. 



Growth of Aryan Nations — We cannot follow the his- 

 tory of the modern nations as they have gradually 

 grown from the unions of such isolated fragments. 

 It may make our search after principles clearer if 

 we survey a few of the salient features which stand 

 forth prominently in the development of communal 

 nations. The condition of independence of the dif- 

 ferent tribes, and the fact that their leaders were 

 elective, produced in Greece a race of men all of 

 whom were upon an equality with each other. It 

 gave rise to a people each man of which was capable 

 of being a leader. A handful of this class of men, 

 each a master in himself, overthrew the great hosts 

 of the Persian armies, in which every man was 

 merely a piece of a big machine, controlled by one 

 individual to whom all were slavishly subservient. 

 The difference between the power of the Greek and 

 the Persian was due fundamentally to this difference 

 in the type of man that develops under the system of 

 communism and that which develops under the 

 patriarchal system. The whole history of Greece 

 was a constant struggle to retain this system of 

 equality. For it is the inevitable tendency of war- 

 fare that one man gains power, either by his genius 

 or by his oratory, and power is so sweet that the 

 attempt is constantly made to extend and to perpet- 

 uate it. Hence in Greece there was a constant 

 struggle between this tendency toward a one-man 

 power and the determination on the part of the 

 people that such power should not continue. Greece 

 was great only so long as she prevented the one-man 

 power from becoming fixed upon the race, and her 



