FUNDAMENTAL FORCES IN SOCIAL EVOLUTION 203 



history of the world. But with man we seem to have 

 something radically different. He has distributed 

 himself not over a narrow region but over the whole 

 earth. He has become dominant not only over inan- 

 imate but over animate nature as well. He must be 

 looked upon as more than an incident. Other species 

 appear and disappear, leaving no permanent trace, 

 but man is changing the whole face of the globe. He 

 is learning to control all nature, and he has gained 

 such mastery over all conditions of life on the earth, 

 that he promises soon to leave in existence only such 

 creatures as he may choose to protect. Other species 

 of animals have fought a petty battle with rivals; 

 man has dominated all nature. This wonderful dif- 

 ference between the influence of man and all other 

 races of animals has inclined some students to put 

 man in a kingdom by himself. When judged by flesh 

 and bone man is certainly a primate, but when judged 

 by achievement, he cannot be classed with animals 

 at all. 



Recognizing this extraordinary contrast, we must 

 ask, What is the distinctive character of man upon 

 which this great contrast has been based? The char- 

 acter which we are after is clearly not physical. It 

 is true that mankind has certain advantages over 

 animals in some physical attributes, chiefly the effi- 

 ciency of his hands. But this is certainly not the 

 explanation of human evolution. His physical power 

 is weaker than that of his near allies. His offensive 

 and defensive weapons are less efficient than theirs. 



The Intellectual and Instinctive Natures of Man 



It must follow, then, that the distinction of which 

 we are in search lies along the lines of man's mental 



