212 SOCIAL HEREDITY AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION 



bility for savage tribes to unite in combinatious 

 which include more than a few hundred individuals ? 

 What is the cement that holds nations together and 

 prevents disintegration? 



Society Not Founded upon Intelligence 



The force which preserves organization is not the 

 same force that produces organization. Savages 

 have a love for glory and power equal to that of the 

 members of the great nations. The necessity for 

 combination is with them even greater than it is 

 among civilized races. The whole series of selfish 

 stimuli which produce organization for offense or 

 defense are even more active among savage and bar- 

 baric nations than they are among civilized races. 

 But the savages simply cannot hold together, no 

 matter how many unions they try to effect. To a 

 savage it is a matter of amazement that a great 

 nation, composed of numbers that his mind cannot 

 calculate, is able to remain united under the rule of 

 one person or of one central power. Such a thing 

 is an impossibility in his conditions of life, and he 

 is unable to comprehend the conditions that control 

 the growth of the great nations. 



Further, the force that holds organization together 

 is not intelligence. Of course it is not for a moment 

 questioned that intelligence is a factor, and a mighty 

 factor, in producing the great nations. Great nations 

 are certainly impossible except where intelligence is 

 highly developed. But intelligence is not the pri- 

 mary factor that binds the nations and makes com- 

 pact unions possible. Looking at the rise and fall of 

 nations in history, we find that this has taken place 

 almost independently of intelligence. Sometimes it 



