322 SOCIAL HEREDITY AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION 



mind to act when mature will be commensurate with 

 its education, which thus practically coincides with 

 our term ' ' social heredity. ' ' That the innate powers 

 of mankind have been increased by civilization it is 

 by no meanc necessary to believe. Nor is it neces- 

 sary to believe that the mental powers of the civilized 

 man at birth are materially higher than those of the 

 savage. That the innate powers of man become 

 immensely developed in each individual by the influ- 

 ence of civilization is a principle quite sufficient to 

 explain the evident increase in the mental powers of 

 mankind with the development of civilization. It is 

 not necessary to suppose even that the innate pow- 

 ers of the human mind have particularly increased 

 during the long period of evolution, but simply that 

 man has greatly developed the ability to increase 

 and use this mental power by the accumulating influ- 

 ences of those factors which are given to him by 

 social inheritance. Thus, again, we see that his evo- 

 lution has been external to his nature rather than 

 internal, social rather than organic. Social advance 

 rather than organic advance has become the goal of 

 evolution. The progress of humanity consists in the 

 growth of an artificial structure which has been built 

 rather than in any advance in the animal character- 

 istics of man. Hence it may follow that even while 

 the human animal might be remaining stationary, 

 without advancing at all, the human race might con- 

 tinue to progress with rapid strides toward its new 

 goal. 



How Intelligence Develops Civilization 



The question of how intelligence could have in 

 itself produced an advance in human evolution is 



