HISTORY OF ZANZIBAR 



which up till now had only been vaguely defined, 

 were settled. Arabs under his rule had penetrated 

 far into the interior for slaves and ivory, and had 

 made some settlements owing to the distance from 

 the coast ; but the chiefs of the surrounding tribes 

 were independent. Although later Barghash said 

 they were under him, nothing had ever been settled, 

 nor had Barghash ever really tried to possess and 

 colonise Central Africa ; he was much more ab- 

 sorbed in furthering trade than acquiring land it 

 would be difficult and costly to hold. 



In 1886 Germany and England agreed that the 

 Sultan should keep the Islands of Zanzibar, Pemba, 

 Lamu and Mafia, all the coast islands and ten miles 

 of land inland from the sea from Kipini in the north 

 and the River Minuigani on the south. A few 

 other places were to belong to Zanzibar, Kismayu, 

 Barawa, Merka and Mogadishu, including land 

 for ten miles round, also Warsherk, this with a 

 radius of only five miles. Then the land question 

 was settled between England and Germany, Eng- 

 land taking what is now the East Africa Protector- 

 ate and Germany what is now their Protectorate. 



During Barghash's reign he greatly improved 

 Zanzibar and its town ; he built roads and even a 

 railway leading to a grand new palace at Chukwani 

 to which the present Sultan often goes. He also 

 built other palaces. One important thing he did 

 was to bring pure water from a spring behind Mtoni 



243 



