GLANDERS. 419 



eary to study its symptoms, with a view to distinguish it from 

 ozena, with which alone it is liable to be confounded. Its chronic 

 character and insidious onset will serve to distinguish it from 

 catarrh and strangles* 



At its commencement, it seems to be confined to the internal 

 lining of the nostrils, which is not reddened, as in chronic catarrh 

 (ozena), but presents a leaden or purple colour, sometimes of a deep 

 shade, but at first generally very light and pale. This is accom- 

 panied by a thin acrid discharge, transparent, and without odor. 

 Grenerally, one nostril only is affected, which in this country is 

 more frequently the left, and in France the right; but why this 

 should be so has never yet been even conjectured with any appear- 

 ance of probability. This state of things usually only lasts for a 

 few weeks, but it may go on for an indefinite time, and is recog- 

 nised as the first stage ; during which the health does not suffer, 

 and the horse can, and often does, go on with his ordinary work. 

 It may be distinguished from ozena by the purple color of the lin- 

 ing membrane, and by the transparency and freedom from smell 

 of the discharge. 



In the second stage, the discharge increases in quantity, and 

 though still watery and transparent, it is slightly sticky, indicating 

 the presence of mucus. The lymphatic glands below the jaw en- 

 large, and become adherent to the hone, feeling hard to the touch, 

 and almost like exostosis. Here the permanent character of the 

 discharge and the adherence of the glands to the bone are the 

 diagnostic signs from ozena. 



In the third stage, the discharge increases rapidly, and be- 

 comes yellow and opaque — in fact, it is pure pus. If the nose is 

 carefully examined, its lining membrane will be seen to present 

 one or more sores, with depressed centres and ragged edges, and 

 surrounded by small varicose vessels leading to them from all 

 directions. In proportion to the extent of the local mischief, con- 

 stitutional disturbance is displayed. The appetite fails — the horse 

 loses flesh and spirits — the coat is turned the wrong way — the 

 skin is hidebound, and the legs fill slightly during the day, but go 

 down at night — the nose is, at last, frightfully ulcerated, the sores 

 spreading to the larynx — ulcers break out on the body — and the 

 horse finally dies, worn to a skeleton. 



When the diagnosis of the disease is confirmed, as it is undoubt- 

 edly highly contagious, both to other horses and to man himself, 

 the patient ought to be destroyed. By the use of green food, his 

 life may be prolonged for a time, and a certain amount of work 

 may be got out of him ; but the risk of contagion is too great to 

 be incurred, and no man who regards his own welfare, and that 

 of his neighbors, should keep a glandered horse. 



