= THE HORSE. 



The old school having made an art of equestrian 

 exercises, it is perfectly comprehensible that the head 

 of the horse should be tightly drawn back, that is to 

 say, vertical, so that the animal is placed in better 

 equilibrium and more tractable, owing to the horizontal 

 bisecting it by passing across the withers. 



In this Baucher agrees with Bourgelat. The type 

 drawn by the celebrated veterinary is thus placed. 



We have already noted the great advantage which 

 the horse is capable of obtaining from the balance formed 

 by the neck and head, for the purpose of over-weighting 

 the anterior by lowering them in kicking. 



On the contrary, the horse raises it, as well as the 

 neck, to relieve the anterior when rearing. 



Again it is displaced, to the right or the left, in order 

 to alleviate the side of the limb which progresses to the 

 support. 



In a gallop, the horizontal extension of the neck is 

 to the advantage of the propelling force of the posterior 

 limbs. 



The mane is situated on the superior border. Among 

 well-bred horses it is fine, and not very thick; sometimes 

 long and silky. Among Arabs it often falls to the right. 



The large dray-horse possesses a thick, coarse and 

 shaggy mane, which drags the summit of the neck and 

 bends it over to the side. Often the abundance of hair 

 causes divisions and expansion on both sides. In this 

 case the mane is said to be doubled. That of the saddle- 

 horse is trained to fall to the left in order to assist the 

 mounting. Fashion decrees that on carriage horses it 

 shall fall on the right of the off-horse, and on the left of 

 the near horse. 



The mane of the mare is lightened and less bushy. 

 Among stallions it is rather strong, and generally has the 

 muscles forcibly indicated, which makes it appear short. 

 In geldings, the muscles make little projection, and the 

 appearance of the neck is reminiscent of the thickness of 

 the mare. 



The withers (4, fig. 31), which form the bond of union 

 between the neck and the back, are outwardly discernible 

 by a curve, situated on the superior extremity of the 

 shoulder, and by their deviation according to the varying 



