EXTERIOR. 



55 



27. 



fore-arm, is situated a horny prominence, designated as 

 the chestnut (p, fig. 31.) The elbow, or olecranium 

 (7, fig. 31), is the second bone of the fore-arm (cubitus), 

 invariably fastened to the radius. Its direction should be 

 such that it may move in a plane parallel to that of the 

 opposite hind-limb. 



The elbow is very important, its length determines 

 the size of the fore-arm, more especially because it will 

 descend upon a very projecting uniciform. 



The knee or carpus 

 (21, fig. 31), correspond- 

 ing to the human wrist, 

 comes in succession to 

 the radius, forming the 

 intermediary motive- 

 power which unites it 

 with the canon, by which 

 it is prolonged in a Fi 



direct line. The mul- 

 tiplicity of carpal bones, forming two layers, has the 

 object of mitigating the effects of the concussion of the 

 limb upon the ground. 



The knee should be large and clean, indicating the 

 tendons and bones : almost flat on its anterior face. The 

 base of the uniciform should be indicated by a slight 

 muscular elevation on the posterior part. 



The motion of the knee is inverse to that of the fore- 

 arm on the arm, and bends towards the rear, the canon 

 on the radius, at the place known as the bend of the knee 

 under the supra-carpal (G, fig. 27). Its extension is very 

 prescribed. 



By the width of the knee, its 

 behind is understood (A, B, fig. 

 the thickness, which is taken from side to side (C, D). 



When the observer looks at the anterior limbs of the 

 animal, while facing the chest, he will perceive that the 

 external line of the knee (C, E), is more rounded than the 

 internal (D, F), this exterior convex curve limiting the 

 edges of the two layers of carpal bone, making an out- 

 ward elevation (see fig. 28). 



The motor muscles of the canon and those of the feet 

 give little thickness to these articulations, united by the 



profile from before to 

 28), always exceeding 



