PERPENDICULAR. 



89 



authors mention as those of regular posterior per- 

 pendiculars. 



In the case of the horse under consideration, and 

 to which must be assigned a foot of at least fourteen 

 centimeters, this vertical dividing the two heels through 

 the middle would only leave six centimeters of distance 

 between the interior walls of the two heels. 



I have measured, for the example just given, the 

 strongest horse of the series, having one meter sixty- 

 centimeters in height. 



A much smaller animal, having only one meter, forty 

 centimeters in height, had, for a size of croup measuring 

 forty-eight centimeters, the same measurement of twenty 

 centimeters between the ischial tuberosities ; on the 

 supposition, for this latter, of a pedal diameter of twelve 

 centimeters, because of the diminutiveness of its height 

 there would then be only eight centimeters of space 

 between the shoes for the vertical of the perpendicular to 

 divide in half. 



The posterior members offer the same particularities 

 as the anterior with regard to this vertical. 



Inwards the horse has its limbs too closed. The 

 hocks are close and the animal is crooked (Fig. 40) if 

 the hocks form the summits of a re-entering angle 

 tending to be knock-kneed (often this defect, which does 

 not in the least impair speed, is found in the horse, and 

 especially in the Arab mare). The general direction of 



Aplomb. Clos. Grodiw.Panard . Ouve'rt . Cap~nMUC 



Fig. 40. 



the member being very much outwards, the animal is 

 too open (Fig. 40), which renders it heavy ; with 

 reference to the hind limbs, the animal is also said to 



