PERPENDICULAR. 95 



to the sternum (0), is found from the point of the hock 

 (T) to the superior portion of the origin of the trunk of 

 the tail ; from the withers (G) to the nape of the neck 

 when the head is placed parallel to the shoulder and the 

 horizontal of the withers passing to the superior portion 

 of the nostrils ; very often from the elbow to the stifle ; 

 it is also the length (S, S'), especially for horses as high 

 as they are long. 



In the rider (S, S') measures from his seat, in the 

 middle of the saddle, to the top of his head (vertex). 

 The length of the head is usually comprised between 

 the neck of the man and the saddle. 



The horse in figure B is placed. On the right it 

 rests upon the broad side of its base of support, i.e., the 

 distance (A, B) of the right lateral base equals three- 

 quarters of its length (E, F) from the point of the arm to 

 the extremity of the buttock. 



I have advanced the left hind-leg (C) so that it rests 

 in rear of the right anterior member (B), thus forming 

 the right diagonal base at a distance equivalent to the 

 length of a half-pace. This measurement of about 85 

 centimeters is here almost the same as (S, S') ; it, how- 

 ever, varies in a long horse. 



The length of the horse (E, F) equals its height 

 from the withers (B) to the ground. 



The man on foot vertically holds a stick of 1 meter in 

 length, which may be considered as the perpendicular of 

 the point of the arm to the ground. 



In conclusion, I will point out a last measurement, 

 that of the outstretched arms of the two men from the 

 extremity of the extended hand to the chin ; this is half 

 the height of the one on foot. We here again find the 

 length (S, S J ) which has served as the scale for the com- 

 position of the group. Usually the height of the human 

 head but slightly exceeds 22 centimeters. 



The vertical of the sternum (O), or its equivalent, 

 (S, S'), contains the head of the horse, plus about a third 

 of this length — a measure which I recommend as the 

 espacement of the diagonal half-pace from one toe to 

 the other, a distance far nearer the 85 centimeters 

 of the calm gait of the walk than the 90 exclusively 

 pertaining to the large horses. 



