40 STOPPING AND REINING BACK. 



spot. So, likewise, if a horse, from any other 

 cause goes backward, when he should go for- 

 ward, ease the bridle-hand and strongly close 

 both legs — or even spurs — upon him ; and 

 when he goes forward, he is not to be allowed 

 to start off, but to go at a walk until the rider 

 chooses to increase the pace. 



Stopping and Reining Backwards, should be 

 practised from all paces — for tuition and ex- 

 pertness — and to enable the rider to " pull up," 

 and to "back" on any sudden occasion. The 

 horse having been stopped may be "reined 

 back," which, if properly performed, is literally 

 walking backwards. To accomplish this the 

 rider must shorten the rein, as prescribed, then 

 lifting up the horse's head, lean his own back, 

 and keeping his legs clear from the horse's 

 sides, draw the bridle with his hand firmly 

 and steadily, without tugging, towards his own 

 breast, and oblige the horse, by the guidance 

 of the legs, right or left, when he deviates, 

 to walk backwards in a straight line. 



The next degree of riding tuition is from the 

 Walk to the Trot, for which purpose the rider 



