GENERAL REMARKS. 53 



with the point turned upwards, so as to be 

 reached over the bridle-hand, and applied to 

 the left side — but these methods of using the 

 whip are only necessary when the rider does 

 not wear spurs. Whip and spurs together are 

 only necessary for rough-riders and horse- 

 breakers. 



It may be here further explained that, be- 

 sides the grace given to the figure by resting 

 the ball of the foot only in the stirrups, it 

 affords elasticity to the ancle, and freedom to 

 the heel. But when the foot is wholly in the 

 stirrup, up to the instep, the leg, ancle, and 

 foot, are fixed, stiff, useless, and ungraceful. 



Bad riders wonder why horses become 

 gentle as soon as they are mounted by skilful 

 riders, although they do not appear to exercise 

 skill ; the reason is, the horse goes at his ease, 

 yet finds all his motions watched, which he 

 has sagacity enough to discover. A skilful 

 rider hides his whip, because the horse is 

 afraid of it, and keeps his legs from the horse's 

 sides, because he dreads the spur. 



Having given instructions for what riders 

 f 3 



