WHIPPING. 87 



standing the skill of the driver. [See also 

 Appendix, K.] 



Whipping for punishment is not often neces- 

 sary in the high perfection to which horses are 

 now trained. Cutting at leaders, and flogging 

 wheelers with doubled thong, are or ought to be 

 both quite abolished. The principal use of the 

 whip is in skilfully and lightly touching (speak- 

 ing to) or whipping occasionally, tickling (whis- 

 pering to and encouraging) and compelling 

 (commanding) all which is to be sparingly 

 done, with good temper and great judgment ; 

 because severity of chastisement may create 

 and establish rebellion in the temper of the 

 horse. Although the use of the whip is here 

 necessarily described for instruction, it is not, 

 in general, requisite for a driver to be con- 

 stantly employing it. 



