APPENDIX. 103 



Many horses are taught to start by whipping 

 them for being accidentally surprised. On 

 approaching or being approached by a lofty 

 loaded wagon, or other high carriage, for in- 

 stance, a horse very naturally may feel alarm 

 at the magnitude of the moving object; the 

 rider should then turn aside the horse's head to 

 prevent his full view of that which he dreads. 



D. 



At all times keep the horse's head high, the 

 wrist supple, and play with the bit when he is 

 inclined to press upon it ; and if he continue, 

 and is likely to become sluggish and heavy in 

 hand, gently raise his head, and close both legs 

 upon him. A horse must not only carry his 

 head up, but also his chest ; then he will be 

 light in his fore- quarters, and active in his 



