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circle of linear leaves subtending it. The flowers are small, each protected 

 by large heart-shaped, yellow bracts. The plant is in bloom from May 

 to September. 



Distribution: This species has also been introduced into Canada 

 from Europe, and has escaped from gardens to roadsides and waste places. 



Poisonous Properties: The whole plant is similarly poisonous to 

 the preceding species. The milky juice irritates the skin and raises 

 blisters, and sometimes causes serious inflammation. Cattle avoid the 

 plant, but have been accidentally poisoned by drinking from water into 

 which it had been thrown. 



Remedy and Means of Control: Small patches of this weed should 

 be grubbed out and the rootstocks destroyed by the application of hot 

 brine or caustic soda. On larger areas, close cutting when the plants are 

 in full bloom will in time starve the rootstocks. 



