124 



is often attributable to the same cause. (Knight's 

 Papers, 216.) 



The Frontignaus are among the varieties apt to 

 shrivel under great disparity of temperature between 

 the roots and branches. This disparity will be les- 

 sened by not commencing forcing this grape so early 

 as usual. (Gard. Chron. 1841, 73.) But the legi- 

 timate mode of obviating the evil is by taking care 

 that the soil of the border is preserved in a due tem- 

 perature. 



Somewhat allied in its causes to shrivelling is that 

 unsightly imperfection where the berries do not come 

 to maturity at the apex of the bunches, leaving from 

 five to ten quite colourless and sour, though others 

 on the same bunch are fine and large. In such case 

 the remedies are to give more heat and air, keeping 

 the border warmer than before, and to avoid cold 

 damps in the house ; leave as much foliage as can be 

 exposed fully to light. The leaves removed must be 

 by little at a time. In thinning, clip off a few berries 

 at the lower extremity of the bunch ; the rest will 

 swell better. 



Shanking is an ulceration, or gangrene, attacking 

 the footstalks of the bunches, and appears to be 

 occasioned, like shrivelling, by the temperature of the 

 soil being too much below that in which the branches 

 are vegetating ; and, consequently, the supply of sap 

 to the grapes is too much diminished, and the parts 



