88 VICE. 



the working of uneven traces (page 57). The use of a 

 saving-collar, and the careful adjustment of the traces, 

 may therefore obviate the propensity. 



Sometimes jibbing is the effect of bad handling when 

 starting with a heavy load. Where such a disposition 

 evinces itself, the carriage should be pushed from be- 

 hind, or another horse placed beside, or, if possible, in 

 front of the jibber, to lead him off. 



Shying may proceed from various causes, such as 

 defective sight, nervousness, or tricks ; thus it may be 

 the result of either constitutional infirmity or of vice. 

 From whatever cause proceeding, the proper way to 

 manage a shying horse is to turn his head away from 

 the object at which he shies, in riding, pressing the 

 spur to the same side to which his head is turned ; thus, 

 if the object he dislikes be on the right, turn his head 

 to the left, and press your left leg, giving him that 

 spur, and vice versa, according to the side on which the 

 object to be avoided is found. If you have to deal 

 with a bad shyer, your time being precious, and you 

 only care to get through your present ride with the 

 least unpleasantness possible, in addition to the above- 

 mentioned means, take him, if necessary, well by the 

 head, the reins in each hand, and saw or job his mouth 

 rather sharply, keeping Mm in rapid motion till you 

 pass the object. 



Operating thus on his mouth severely, if necessary, 

 will engage his attention, and cheat him out of his ap- 

 prehension for the moment. It is bad horsem anship , (f 

 and dangerous besides, to force a horse's head towards 

 an offending object while in motion ; but if it is 

 particularly desirable that the animal should become 

 familiarised with anything of which he is shy, let him 



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