AND RESPIRATORY ORGANS. 119 



throat, appear to be returned through the nostrils, noisy 

 gulping, &c 



Eub the throat at once with a mixture of equal parts 

 turpentine and oil, and keep up the irritation on the 

 skin. 



Administer 2 drachms of nitre once or twice the first 

 twenty-four hours, the animal being, of course, laid by 

 from all work, and placed in a loose-box ; let him be 

 fed on bran and linseed mashes, and given green food, 

 carrots, and anything that will tempt his appetite. 



Avoid purging, bleeding, or anything that will lower 

 the system — a rule to be most particularly observed in 

 all diseases of the respiratory organs, unless severe in- 

 flammation be present, when a professional man only 

 can judge to what extent the lowering process may be 

 necessary. 



Broken Wind is caused by a large number of the air- 

 cells of the lungs becoming fused, as it were, into one 

 large air-cell, thus diminishing the aerating surface, 

 and rendering the lungs weaker. It is indicated by a 

 sudden inspiration and a long, almost double, expira- 

 tion ; the flanks and abdomen are observed to suddenly 

 fall down, instead of being gradually expanded. 



Broken wind is, in fact, emphysema of the lung, and 

 there is said to be no absolute cure for it • but it may 

 be alleviated by restricting the animal in hay and water, 

 and giving the latter only in small quantities, not more 

 than half-a-pint at a time, and moistening all food. 



Take care he does not eat his bed, which he will 

 make every effort to do. He should have no straw 

 about him in the day, and be muzzled at night. 



Lampas does not belong properly to these diseases, 

 indicating some derangement in the alimentary canal, 



