36 THE HORSEMAN'S MANUAL. 



the purpose ; and if that cannot be readily obtained, a grass 

 field must do, the hedges representing the walls of the 

 manege. 



The horse should be placed by the side of one of the 

 walls or hedges, at one yard interval from it. The rider, 

 without moving the horse's hind feet, must turn his fore- 

 hand nearly half to the right ; thus, his fore feet will be on 

 one line, and his hind feet on another. The rider must sit 

 square to the front as his horse stands, with his left or out- 

 ward hand as high as the elbow ; the right or inward one 

 three inches lower ; the horse's forehand should be well 

 raised, and he must stand well up to the bit, (for the higher 

 he is raised in front in this lesson, the easier he can perform 

 it,) his head yielding to the right rein, and his body slightly 

 curved. The rider, however, must not expect to get this 

 from him all at once ; for if, for the first lesson or two, he 

 yields to the inward or right rein, letting his feet work on 

 one line, it will be sufficient ; then unbend him, encourage 

 him, and let him walk out again to ease his neck, after a 

 short interval try him again, getting a little more from him 

 every time, until the rider can keep him in the position I 

 have described above. Beyond all things, I wish him to under- 

 stand, that he is not to pull the horse's head round by force, 

 for a man with nothing but a halter can do that ; but this is 

 not the thing required : the horse is to yield his mouth to 

 the slightest indication from the rider's hand; and to be in a 

 proper position to work the shoulder-in, he should be stand- 

 ing well up to the bit, as I have before mentioned, and 

 slightly curved, from the poll of his neck to the last joint 

 of his back ; and as this position is very fatiguing, he should 

 not be kept in it too long at one time. The object of the 

 shoulder -in and passage, is to supple the horse in the neck 

 and ribs, to give free action to his shoulders, and teach him 

 to obey the pressure of the leg. 



The rider must understand and remember the difference, 

 between the inward and outward hand and leg, or he will 

 never work these lessons correctly. 



