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LINKS WITH THE PAST 



[CH. 



peat-beds of Scotland even up to 3000 feet above 

 sea-level the stumps of pines occur in abundance, 

 and in many places recent researches have revealed 

 the occurrence of successive forests of pines, oaks, 

 and spruces separated from one another by the 



Fig. 1. Piniis sylvestris Linn, in the Black Wood of Rannoch. 

 (Photograph by Mr A. G. Tansley.) 



accumulations of swampy vegetation O). The spruce 

 fir has long- ceased to be a member of the British 

 flora, but in a few localities in the Scottish High- 

 lands patches of primeval pine forests remain. The 



