THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 51 



Islands, part of Masbatc, and the islands lying between 

 it and Luzon, and are related to the Tagals, especially 

 by their language. They number about 350,000. The 

 Ilocanos are more numerous, and occupy, with various 

 tribes with which they have more or less intermingled, 

 the northern part of Luzon. Besides these there are an 

 infinity of other sub -Malayan peoples — Pangasinans, 

 Pampangos, Tinguianes, Busaos, etc., to which particular 

 reference is unnecessary. The Spanish apply the name 

 Ygarrotes very loosely to a number of different tribes, 

 but, strictly speaking, it should be given only to the 

 natives of the mountains in the Benguet, Lepanto, and 

 other neighbouring districts at the north of Luzon. They 

 appear to differ not a little from the other Malayan 

 inhabitants of the island, and according to some authors 

 are a mixed race, partly of Japanese or Chinese origin. 

 M. Marche, who visited them in 1880, describes them as 

 being a short, hairy race with low forehead and thick 

 lips, large thick feet, but small hands, the hair straight, 

 black, and fine, and worn long by the men. A remark- 

 able feature is the great elaboration of their tattooing, the 

 designs being extremely florid and ornamental, with 

 flowers, serpents, etc., and still more curious is their 

 wood -carving. They dig and work gold, silver, and 

 copper, and make very ornamental pipes, for which they 

 themselves grow the tobacco. They breed both cattle 

 and horses, and are great dog-fanciers. With all these 

 characteristics, which serve to differentiate them markedly 

 from their neighbours, they are nevertheless a wild and 

 savage race, committing frequent raids, and at bitter 

 enmity with the Spaniards, whose bullets have frequently 

 thinned their ranks. 



The Moros, as the Spanish commonly term the Moham- 

 medan inhabitants of the southern islands, are probably 



