THE PHILTl'PINE ISLANDS f)?, 



archipelago luit for the repressive measures adopted by 

 the Spaniards. The history of Manila records several 

 wholesale massacres of the " Sangleyes," the last of which 

 took place in 1819, when they were accused of poisoning 

 the wells. Their numbers were limited to 6000, but 

 frequently rose to 30,000 or 40,000, only to be reduced 

 by slaughter and exile. In 1603 some 23,000 were 

 killed. Heavy taxes and strict regulations drove them 

 to revolt in 1639, when over 30,000 of them fell 

 victims. In 1762 they helped the Enghsh at the 

 taking of Manila, and on our evacuation of the city some 

 months later, an edict was published by the Sj)anish 

 Governor that all the Chinese on the islands should be 

 hanged, and this order was said to have been very 

 generally carried out. Notwithstanding these checks 

 to their increase they have thriven and prospered, and 

 at the present time the pure race probably number about 

 55,000. Of those of mixed blood it is impossible to 

 arrive at an estimate. The number of Chinese women 

 who leave their country is infinitesimally small, and 

 the Celestial has from time immemorial chosen his wife 

 from the native women. To such an extent has this 

 mixture of race been carried on that the Chinese element 

 has left an indelible stamp upon the inhabitants of the 

 Philippines, and its influence throughout the archipelago 

 is very considerable. 



The number of Spaniards, who with the exception of 

 the priests are chiefly resident in Manila, is stated to be 

 14,000. But here the same difficulty of estimation 

 obtains as in the case of the Chinese, for, like the latter, 

 they have mixed freely with half-castes and natives from 

 the time of their first arrival. The Philippines, indeed, 

 show as great confusion of races as any country in 

 Australasia. Even the American element is present, for, 



