54 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 



as Reclus points out, it must not be forgotten that the 

 Acapulco galleons brought over a powerful colony of 

 Peruvians and Mexicans, and history furnishes us with 

 several instances of the establishment of Japanese in the 

 north of Luzon and in Manila, where they were encour- 

 aged to counteract the influence of the Chinese. 



The Negritos, as already stated, must be regarded as 

 having in past ages formed the chief or sole population of 

 the Philippines, but it seems probable that another race 

 or races must at some epoch have lived there in great 

 numbers. M. Marche and other naturalists have found 

 numbers of cave burial-places in Marinduque, Catandu- 

 anes, and other islands. These caves yielded remains of 

 coffins with handles of carved wood, and urns containing 

 crania, all of which had been deformed by art, pottery, 

 both rough and glazed, some of the jars decorated with 

 dragons in alto-relievo, and fragments of porcelain. Gold 

 ornaments were also discovered, and small rings of that 

 metal, of a form similar to those used in Japan as money 

 in ancient times. These burial-places are supposed to be 

 of great antiquity, and certainly point to the conclusion 

 that the people by whom they were used were largely 

 subject to both Chinese and Japanese influence. 



7, Religion and Education, 



The Philippine Archipelago presents the anomalous 

 instance of a country which has been conquered as 

 much by ecclesiastical as by military power. Legaspi 

 landed with his body of Augustiues, who were followed 

 by the Dominicans and Franciscans, and later — but not 

 until the main work had been accomplished — by the 

 Jesuits. The administration, whether civil or " politico- 



