118 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 



Eubiacete, conifers, heaths, and other plants familiar to 

 countries beyond the tropics, present to us the flora of 

 higher latitudes. Cryptogamous plants, especially, are 

 infinitely multiplied ; fungi are abundant, and mosses 

 cover the ground and invest the trunks and branches of 

 trees. The ferns are now smaller in size, but are of an 

 infinite variety of forms, and constitute an important 

 portion of the vegetation." The lowest zone is by far 

 the most extensive, and is chiefly given up to cultivation, 

 especially to rice. On the second zone are grown tea, 

 coffee, cinchona, and the Sagueir palm (Arenga), while 

 at still higher altitudes cabbages and potatoes are to be 

 seen in the gardens. 



Another interesting feature of the higher mountains 

 of Java is the appearance upon them of plants closely 

 allied to those of northern Europe. On Pangerango, one 

 of the peaks of the Gede volcano, we meet with eatable 

 raspberries at 6000 feet, cypresses at 7000, while at 

 8000 feet we come upon such familiar types as the 

 honeysuckle, St. John's wort, and guelder-rose ; and when 

 we reach 9000 feet, we meet with the imperial cowslip, 

 allied to species inhabiting Japan and the Himalayas, but 

 of a peculiar species {Primula imperialis). The following 

 genera, characteristic of north temperate regions, were 

 found upon the summit by JVJr. Motley : — Two species 

 of violet, three of ranunculus, eight or ten of rubus, 

 and species of primrose, St. John's wort, swertia, lily 

 of the valley, cranberry, rhododendron, gnaphalium, 

 polygonum, foxglove, honeysuckle, plantain, wormwood, 

 oak, and yew. 



Java affords many timber trees of considerable value, 

 but as yet, with the exception of the Teak {Tedonia 

 grandis), they have not received the attention they 

 commercially deserve. Forests of this tree are to be 



