JAVA 1 1 9 



found throughout the island, l^ut they exist chieliy 

 between Samarang and Surabaya in the lower ground. 

 Injudicious felling had at one time reduced them con- 

 siderably, but under careful management matters are 

 now more satisfactory, and it is stated that at the present 

 time the forests of this tree occupy an area of about 

 2500 square miles. Afforestation with the Blue Gum, 

 Cassia fiorida, and other trees, has been of late largely 

 carried out by the Government. In fruits the island is 

 remarkably rich, and the markets of Batavia exhil^it 

 innumerable different kinds, most of which are strange to 

 European eyes. It is here that the durian, mangosteen, 

 rambutan, and other typically Malayan fruits are tasted 

 in perfection. 



While the zoological features of Sumatra, Borneo, and 

 the Malay peninsula are more or less identical, those of 

 Java exhibit certain marked differences. The island is 

 very rich in mammalia, possessing about 90 distinct 

 kinds. The majority of these are identical with those of 

 Sumatra and Borneo ; but many of the forms inhal)iting 

 those two islands are wanting, and there are a few 

 peculiar to Java, or common to it and the Siamese pen- 

 insula, but wanting in the other islands. Thus, Java 

 has no tapir, or elephant, or Malay-bear, or orang-utan, 

 while the Javan rhinoceros and hare are identical with 

 species found again in the Indo-Chinese countries. Among 

 birds we meet with similar but still more remarkable 

 facts. No less than 240 species of land-birds are known 

 to inhabit the island, and at least forty are peculiar to it. 

 There are, however, no less than sixteen genera found in 

 Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, which are absent from 

 Java, among which are such conspicuous birds as the 

 Indian magpies (Dendrocitta), the green gaper (Cali/jJio- 

 mena), the large bee-eater {Nyctiornis), the Argus and 



