SUMATRA 181 



Turning to the faiuui we find that it, too, offers great 

 similarities to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, and 

 differs much from that of Java. The orang-utan exists 

 in the north-eastern part of the island, but probably very 

 locally. The Siamang {Siamanga syndactyla), a very 

 X)owerful animal, not nnich inferior in size to the orang, 

 is common. It is not found in any other of the islands, 

 the Malay Peninsula being the only other locality in 

 which it occurs. On the whole Sumatra is rich in 

 monkeys, and has probably as many species as Borneo. 

 All the great mammalian forms of the continent are 

 found here, such as the elephant, rhinoceros, tapir, and 

 tiger, but of these species only the latter exists in Java. 

 The elephant, considered by some authors as a peculiar 

 species, has been driven out of some of the cultivated 

 districts, but it is still very common in the Lampongs 

 and in the thick jungles of the eastern lowlands. The 

 rhinoceros {R. sumatranus) is rarer. It is a species 

 peculiar to the island, smaller than that found in Java, 

 and carrying two horns. It is found not only in the 

 marshy jungles of the coast, but also, like its Javanese 

 congener, at considerable altitudes, and Mr. Forbes 

 noticed its spoor at a height of nearly 6000 feet on 

 the Tengkamus mountain. Tigers are very plentiful, espe- 

 cially in the east coast, in which district alone twenty-two 

 deaths were registered by the Dutch officials as having 

 been caused by them in 1889 — figures which probably 

 do not represent a tithe of the loss of life really occa- 

 sioned. The clouded tiger {F. macrosccHs) also exists, as 

 does the ]\Ialay sun-bear and the wild dog, but the fine 

 Banteng, Bos sondaicus, is not found. The " kambing- 

 utan," or " wild sheep," is an antelope {Antilocarpa 

 sumatrana) which frequents the mountain ranges, and 

 of which not much is known. In addition to the above 



