232 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY' AND TRAVEL 



locality. The island is very rich in monkeys, and has 

 many peculiar species. The most remarkable, perhaps, 

 are the Proboscis monkey {Prcsbytes nasutus), whose long 

 and fleshy nose gives it a very man-like aspect, and the 

 orang-utan, or " mias," of which there are two species, the 

 largest being superior in size to all the anthropoid apes 

 excepting the gorilla. The mias is abundant in the 

 swampy forests of the south, and hardly less so in the 

 Company's territory, and the smaller species is very 

 readily domesticated. 



The birds of Borneo show few marked differences 

 from those of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. The 

 island has no family confined to it alone, and only a very 

 few genera, and even these become steadily reduced as 

 our knowledge of the latter countries increases. The 

 most notable peculiar genera are Chlamyclochcera among 

 the Campophagidse, and the striking Lohiophasis among 

 the pheasants. Hornbills are very varied, and the island 

 may be regarded as the headquarters of the beautiful 

 family of the Pittas, or ground-thrushes, and the long- 

 billed Arachnotlieras, or spider-hunters. Mr. Whitehead's 

 late zoological explorations of Kinabalu, during which he 

 spent eight months upon the mountain at various alti- 

 tudes, have added greatly to our knowledge of the 

 Bornean fauna, have revealed many new and several 

 most striking species, and have shown a marked connec- 

 tion with the ornis of the Himalayan sub-regions. The 

 Sumatran and Peninsular affinities have been confirmed, 

 but no special connection with Javanese mountain species 

 appears. A slight Celebesian element, however, is re- 

 vealed by a JDiccciivi closely allied to a species found 

 only in that island, and is strengthened by Mr. White- 

 head's discovery of a small rat (IIiis musschcnhrocki), 

 previously only known from Celebes. 



