280 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY AND TRAVEL 



canoes of recent origin, and several have been in eruption 

 in the course of the present century. Other evidences of 

 the character of this region occur in the shape of hot 

 springs, mud volcanoes, and solfataras. Mr. Wallace 

 thus describes some curious phenomena of this nature 

 near Langauan, a little to the south of the Tondano 

 Lake : — " A picturesque path among plantations and 

 ravines brought us to a beautiful circular basin about 40 

 feet in diameter, bordered by a calcareous ledge, so 

 uniform and truly curved that it looked like a work of 

 art. It was filled with clear water very near the Ijoiling 

 point, and emitted clouds of steam with a strong 

 sulphureous odour. It overflows at one point and forms 

 a little stream of hot water, which at a hundred yards 

 distance is still too liot to bear the hand in." The mud- 

 springs, which are about a mile from this place, are still 

 more curious. " On a sloping tract of ground in a slight 

 hollow is a small lake of liquid mud, in patches of blue, 

 red, and white, and in many places boiling and bubbling 

 most furiously. All around on the indurated clay are 

 small wells and craters full of boiling mud. These seem 

 to be forming continually, a small hole appearing first, 

 which emits jets of steam and boiling mud, which on 

 liardening forms a little cone with a crater in the middle. 

 The ground for some distance is very unsafe, as it is 

 evidently liquid at a small depth, and bends with pressure 

 like thin ice." Hot springs exist also by the Limbotto 

 Lake, and in various other places ; and at Tanjong A pi — 

 a headland on the eastern peninsula opposite the Togian 

 Islands — ^jets of inflammable gas are being constantly 

 emitted. 



The rivers of Celebes are necessarily small, the largest 

 being the Sadang, which is supposed to rise in the central 

 plateau, and enters the sea on the west coast, some SO 



