cp:lebes 289 



dependent liajas, banded toi^ether in cuntederucies. The 

 Bugis are the most advanced of all the natives of Celebes, 

 and W(juld seem, to judge from tiieir language, to have 

 acquired their civilisation mainly from the Javanese. 

 They invented a peculiar alphabetical character, and a 

 calendar, the year consisting of 3G5 days, divided into 12' 

 months, each with its native name. The development of 

 this people appears to have been of recent date, for they 

 are not even mentioned by the older Portuguese writers. 

 Now they are the greatest maritime people and traders 

 in the Malay Archipelago, navigating from the ftirthest 

 point of Sumatra to Xew Guinea. They are, moreover, 

 not only traders but settlers, and have established them- 

 selves in most of the large towns in the different islands, 

 dwelling apart in a separate " Bugis quarter," ruled over 

 by their own chiefs under their own laws. These 

 enterprising people are good shipbuilders, constructing 

 praus {'padeioakan) of 50 or 60 tons burden, with 

 which they trade eastward or westward according to the 

 monsoon. Their energy contrasts strongly with the 

 ordinary Malay character, but they resemble that nation 

 in being both proud and vindictive. They are also as 

 passionate as they are brave, and " running amok " is 

 perhaps more frequent in Celebes than in any of the 

 other islands. 



The Mandars occupy the western portion of the 

 island, which projects out into the Strait of Makassar, 

 north of Cape Mandar. They speak a distinct language, 

 and are still partly pagan. They are energetic fishermen 

 and traders, and their country produces edible birds' nests 

 and some gold. The Makassars inhabit the southern 

 and western extremity of the southern peninsula. Their 

 chief town and the residence of the Piaja is Goa, only a 

 few miles from Makassar, the Dutch capital. Their 



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