NEW GUINEA AND THE TAPUANS 385 



dltions have been very numerous in tlie territories ot" 

 both powers. The most important are those of Captain 

 Everill, who ascended the Strickland Iliver — the great 

 tributary of the Fly — in 1885 ; of Mr. H. 0. Forbes, who 

 in the same year penetrated some distance towards the 

 Owen Stanley range, but did not reach its summit ; of 

 Mr. Cuthbertson, who partly ascended Mount Obree ; 

 and finally of the Administrator, Sir William Macgregor, 

 who, in addition to tracing the Fly Eiver to its sources 

 and making innumerable minor expeditions, succeeded in 

 1889 in gaining the summit of Mount Owen Stanley, 

 the highest peak of the range of that name. In German 

 New Guinea the work of geographical exploration has 

 also been energetically undertaken, notably by Baron 

 von Schleinitz in 1886, who investigated a great part of 

 the coast ; by Captain Dalmann, to whom our know- 

 ledge of the Kaiserin Augusta Eiver is due ; and Ijy 

 others too numerous to mention. 



4. Geology. 



In such an extensive country, with lofty mountain 

 ranges, we may be sure that a large variety of sedi- 

 mentary and igneous rocks occurs. As yet, how^ever, the 

 geology of the island is very insufficientl}' known. It 

 was for long supposed that no volcanoes existed on the 

 mainland, but it is now" known that this is not the case. 

 Mount Victory, on the shores of Collingwood Bay, 

 opposite the D'Entrecasteaux grou]i, linving been seen in 

 a partly active state. Mount Cyclops, near Huml)oldt 

 Bay, is possibly a volcano, and craters have been reported 

 to exist in the Arfak range. In some of the ranges of 

 the southern portion of British territory, basaltic rocks 

 occur, and volcanic breccias superimposed on talcose 



2 c 



