526 COMPENDIUM OF GEOGKAFHY AND TKAVEL 



Tokelau or Union group, and not a great distance from 

 the Kingsmill Islands, is situated the Phoenix cluster. 

 Most of these we have named are of the usual type of 

 lagoon island, are scantily populated, and produce little 

 else besides guano or a few tons of copra. 



Caroline Island was annexed in the year 1868. The 

 few settlers raise stock and plant coco-nuts. Suwarrow, 

 which is visited by the French, and has stores, a wharf, 

 and a pearl fishery, is of importance as possessing a 

 lagoon affording splendid anchorage. Manahiki or Hum- 

 phrey Island has a population of 600 or more, who, as in 

 many of these Pacific islands, are kept in a state of ex- 

 treme submission by the native missionaries, aided by the 

 Turi men or legislators. " If a Turi man suspects a man 

 of having taken liquor," writes Mr. F. J. Moss, " he will 

 stop him and order him to ' blow,' so that he may dis- 

 cover if his breath has lost its normal sweetness. The 

 decision then come to is conclusive, adopted as a judg- 

 ment by his fellow Turi men, and the culprit fined 

 accordingly. A curfew drum is beaten at eight o'clock, 

 and after that hour if any one is seen abroad the Turi 

 men are down upon him with a heavy fine next day. . . . 

 The people must extinguish all lights and go properly to 

 bed. . . . Their lovely moonlight nights bring no enjoy- 

 ment to these people. At Funafuti and other islands the 

 Turi men go further. They march round the village 

 during the night and quietly steal into the houses to see 

 if all is right. It was found that the house-dogs barked 

 and gave notice of their approach, so they forthwith 

 decreed the destruction of all dogs on the island, and again 

 became masters of the situation." In other islands the 

 use of tobacco is strictly forbidden. Such a system, as 

 Mr. Moss observes, must inevitably result in bringing 

 out the worst points in the native character, and a 



