Manual of Equitation and Horse Trainini; 111 



As in the preceding turn, it is necessary, in order to 

 leave the determining rein all its effect and power of action, 

 that the regulating rein be relaxed at the start so as not to 

 interfere with the position which the horse's muzzle should 

 take, by the solicitation of the bearing rein. Riding with 

 one hand, however, the inside rein is automatically relaxed. 



The short turn which is used when the rider wishes to 

 make a quick change of direction or lacks space may be 

 obtained by lateral or diagonal effects. 



The lateral effect (right direct rein of opposition and 

 right leg) draws the shoulders to the right and throws the 

 haunches more or less quickly to the left; the horse faces 

 to the right, slowing. This turn is of current use in train- 

 ing. It gives a first suppling, short but energetic, to the 

 spinal column, shoulders and haunches. It is also this 

 movement which permits the horse to be given the first 

 lesson of one leg, and it makes him accept this aid. 



The short turn by the diagonal effect (left bearing rein 

 of opposition and right leg to turn to the right) is the most 

 collected, most prompt, and at the same time the shortest 

 of the turns. 



The left rein pushes the shoulders to the right, the 

 right leg pushes the haunches to the left; the horse faces 

 to the right without slowing. 



So, of the two wide turns, the first is the most elemen- 

 tary; the second the most used in out-door riding; of the 

 two short turns, the first is excellent for forcing obedience 

 to the leg; the second is most rapid and regular. 



The different changes of direction which may be de- 

 manded are: Obliques (change of hand), the broken lines, 

 movements by the flank, the half turn, the circle, the 

 demivolte (the half turn and change of hand), the demi- 

 volte reversed (change of hand and half turn). 



Individual combats and the pursuit are only the appli- 

 cations of these several movements imposed by successive 

 points of direction. 



The turn in place is used when the rider being halted 

 wishes to change direction; it is executed on the shoulders, 

 on the haunches, on the center of gravity. 



The half turn on the shoulders ("about on forehand") 

 is the last degree of the demivolte reversed. Executed 

 correctly and rapidly, it proves the horse's submission to 

 the leg and the agility of the haunches. 



