SECUKING OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



57 



land, "which is a true screw-clamp ; another, which is preferred in 

 France — are a few among the varieties of this single instrument 

 for the ap2:)lication of pressure upon the septum nasi. They are 

 generally secured on the front of the face by ropes or straps. 

 They are effectual appliances, and by their aid the head can be 

 kept uj) and the animal controlled without difficulty. Among the 

 rings the simplest are most commonly in use. They are made in 

 two parts, articulated at one extremity, and united at the other 

 when in place by a rivet or screw. They vary much both in form 

 and size. Some (though still known as rhiffs) are square ; others 



Fig. 46.— Square (?) Rings for Cattle, 



are round and elhptical. The ring of KoUand, the Alsace ring, and 

 some of simpler construction carry an auxiliary ring at some part, 

 of their circumference with which to secure them on the face of the 

 animal by means of ropes or straps. These rings are apphed after 

 the perforation of the nasal septum with a trocar or a punch-nip- 

 pers, making an opening of a size corresponding to that of the 

 ring. Sometimes the perforation is made with a hot ii'on, the 



Fig. 47.— Ring of RoUand. 



animal being properly secured and tied to a tree, or placed in a 

 yoke with the head elevated, the operator making a quick pimc- 

 ture through the cartilage, and introducing the ring and riveting 

 it. The hemorrhage soon ceases spontaneously. 



In order to dispense with the punch, trocar, and the pvmcture 

 with the hot iron, rings of a special construction have been in- 

 vented. These also consist of two parts, and are also articulated, 



