83 



Fig. 74. — Grange's Speculum. 



the tongue out of one side of the mouth with one hand, while the 

 cheek is pulled out in the opposite direction with the other. 

 This same manipulation may answer for large ruminants, provid- 

 ing the head is kept elevated by an assistant. In swine, a gag 

 (See fig. 58) made of wood, is often used, and the speculum rep- 

 resented in figure 61 answers well for dogs. At other times, 

 however, with these animals, the mouth is kept open by separat- 

 ing the jaws with tapes passed around each, and pvdled apart. 



