BANDAGES. 105 



theii* surfaces. They consist of separate parts or sections, repre- 

 senting together the entii-e surface of the sole, one section sUding 

 on each side, between the foot and shoe, and are kept in place by 

 a third and narrower section, introduced transversely between them 

 and the shoe, towards the heel. It is important to ascertain, be- 

 fore applying them, that sufficient room exists between the sole 

 and the shoe, and also that the wall is not in such close contact 

 with the shoe at the heels as to prevent the introduction of the 

 cross pieces. 



(e) 3Iean8 of Drainage. — The conduit most commonly used is 

 a vulcanized india-rubber tube, which is introduced into wovmds 

 to facilitate the escape of purulent and other discharges, and to 

 keep them in a cleanly state. They are of various dimensions, as 

 to the length and diameter, to accommodate those of the purulent 

 cavity, and are perforated at the side throughout their length, in 

 order to collect and receive aU the impm-ities that may be present. 

 Instead of tubes, long tents of oakum are sometimes introduced 

 into a wound, for the pur2oose of absorbing the imjjurities, and to 

 serve as a means of drainage also. 



(/) Holler Bandages. — These are the simplest of bandages. 

 They are applied with one or several rollers. We have ah-eady 

 mentioned their division into cii'cular, spu'al, figure 8, etc. 



{g) Wide Bandages are made of broad, thin pieces of linen, 

 ticking or canvas in various forms, to adapt themselves to any 

 part of the body where they may be needed. They are sometimes 

 folded into pads or cushions, and employed as a means of applying 

 moisture. Those invented by Dr. Berns (Fig. lOG) for this purpose 

 may be used with advantage. They are kept in place by tapes 

 or ribbons, which must be arranged and fastened about the body 

 according to the judgment and ingenuity of the surgeon. 



The number of wide bandages is indefinite, and, according to 

 Bourgelat, twenty-seven species can be classified and enumei'ated. 

 He would prove himself, however, but an indifferent practitioner 

 who should find himself unable, upon occasion, to improve the 

 catalogue by adding new devices to meet new requii-ements. 



In examining some of the principal varieties of the wide ban- 

 dage, we shall borrow from the excellent work of Peuch and 

 Toussaint. Our reference will be to 



1st. S'lmj^le Frontal. — This is a piece of cloth covering the 

 greater part of the forehead and the summit of the head or poll, 



