PHLEBOTOMY. 



493 



Gourdon recommends the following- scale as representing the aver- 

 age bleeding, proper, for the animals named : 



The horse, between 4 and 5 pounds ; large ruminants, 5 to 6 

 pounds ; pig, 1 to 1^ pounds ; sheep, 6 to 9 ounces ; dog, 3 to 6 

 ounces. 



PHLEBOTOIilY. 



Fhlebotomy, or the opening of veins, is the mode universally 

 adopted for general bleeding, and is generally performed upon 

 superficial veins. 



The instruments necessary are fleams, lancets, scissors, bleed- 

 ing-sticks, pins, pin-holders, graduated jars or vases, and a piece 

 of silk, and, for small animals, bandages. 



The fleam, made in various forms, resembles a small lancet, 

 and is secured on a steel support received into a metaUic, horn or 

 gutta-percha handle. Ordinarily, two or three lancets of different 



Fig. 435.— Ordinary Fleam, with three blades. 



sizes have one common handle, upon which they are so mounted 

 as to be used singly with facility. 



Some of them, of German make, or of English invention, or 

 of a Belgian pattern, act with a spring, like the phlebotome of 

 Brogniez. 



The hleedlnrj -stick is simply a stick of hard and hea^y wood, a 

 foot or more in length, with which to drive the fleam into the 

 vein. 



