PHLEBOTOMY. 



495 



The graduated vase is to receive the blood, and at the same 

 time measure its flow. In ordinary practice a pail is substituted. 



The 2^ms must be long- and strong. The pin-holder is used to 

 assist in the introduction of the pin Avhen the suture is made and 

 the bleeding terminated. 



Sponges and cold water should be accessible. 



Modus Opekandi. 



Position of the Animal. — The standing position is the one 

 generally preserved. The animal is held well in hand by an as- 

 sistant, and if he appears to be excited and unwilhng to stand 

 quietly, and soothing treatment has no effect, a twitch is placed 

 on his nose, or a cap on his head. 



The operation consists of three steps: 

 1st. Preparation of the Plood Vessel : 

 This consists in a];)j)ly^g' sufficient pres- 

 sure upon it to temporarily interrupt 

 the circulation and cause it to become 

 more prominent under the skin. This 

 is done with the fingers, and some- 

 times AVith a ligature, when the loca- 

 tion of the vessel permits it. In some 

 blooded and thin-skinned animals, a 

 little brisk exercise is sufficient to stim- 

 ulate the circulation and render the 

 veins prominent. 



2d. 02)ening of the Vessel. — This 

 is done with the fleam, the lancet or 

 the bislomy. The fleam is more com- 

 monly used for large animals. Held as 

 in figure 441, it is brought opposite the 

 vessel, parallel to its course, and per- 

 fectly perpendicular to it, and at such 

 a distance from the skin as to apjjrox- 

 imate very nearly, but without forming 

 an actual contact with it. When in 

 this position the fleam is made to pen- 

 etrate the vessel by a smart blow with 

 the bleeding-stick on the back of the 



Fig. 441.— Manner of Holding the 

 Fleam. 



blade; some practitioners, instead of 



