PHLEBOTOMY. 503 



If tlie lancet is used, the operator, placing himself on that 

 side also, bends down, and, looking from under the abdomen of 

 the horse, brings the instmment close to the vein, opening it by a 

 rapid stroke, and enlarging the orifice by a slight incising motion 

 of the instrument. 



If the fleam is used, the operator assumes the same position, 

 and applies it precisely as has been described in the cases akeady 

 considered. 



Operating on the right side he holds the fleam with the right 

 hand and strikes with the bleeding-stick in the left, and vice versa. 



This position of the operator is awkward, and not without 

 danger, exposing him to the chances of a blow with the stifle of 

 the leg which is held by the assistant. To avoid this, Peuch and 

 Toussaint suggest that the assistant, instead of holding the leg 

 backward, should carry it forward, and that the operator should 

 place himself behind the animal. It is also claimed that in that 

 position the vein is more easily exposed. The operation is per- 

 formed in the same way, except that the instrument is held with 

 the right hand if one operates on the left leg, and with the left 

 hand if the bleeding is done on the right leg. 



The flow of the blood in this bleeding is generally slabbery, 

 and the introduction of the pin of the suture quite painful, and 

 means of restraint are, therefore, often necessary before the ani- 

 mal will submit to the application of the suture. 



Phlebotomy on Other Supekficial Veins. 



Others, besides the veins which have been described, are also 

 subject to phlebotomy, but its performance is more with some 

 local object in view than that of a general bleeding. 



All are performed with the lancet, the region (Fig. 446) where 

 they occur being at the transversal of the face, a ; the angular of 

 the eye (b) ; the facial or glossofacial, d ; the sxqnrficial nasal, 

 (c) ; the posterior auricular (e) ; the deep lingual; the inferior 

 caudal, and the median sxibcutaneons of i\\.e forearm. If required 

 by their size and position a pinned suture is applied after the 

 bleeding, but in several instances pressure alone is sufiicient. 



Phlebotomy in Large Ruminants. 



The operation is confined to two principal veins of the large 

 ruminants. These are the jugular and subcutaneous abdominal. 



