504 OPERATIONS ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. 



c 



Fig. 446. 

 PHLEBOTOlVrY ON THE JuGULAE. 



It is performed in the same manner essentially as in the soli- 

 peds, and with the same instruments. But as cattle are less sub- 

 missive to the preparations which precede the operation, means 

 of restraint must be used with them, and they must be tied to a 

 tree or a post. The jugular of cattle has thicker walls than 

 that of sohpeds, its diameter is much greater, and it is separated 

 from the carotid in its whole length by a thicker layer of muscle. 

 For these reasons a larger fleam becomes necessary. To dilate 

 the vein a strong ligature is applied tightly on the neck, the j)res- 

 sure of the fingers never being sufficient to furnish the necessary 

 force. To open the vein the blow of the stick must be heavier, 

 and w^hen properly given is followed, as in soUpeds, by a strong 

 stream of blood, which rapidly ceases when the hgature is loosened 

 or removed. It is not always necessary to apply a pinned suture, 

 but it is always safer and more prudent to do so, though the in- 

 troduction of the pin is rendered difiicult by the toughness and 

 thickness of the skin. The value of the pin-holder is demon- 

 strated in this case. 



The thrombus which so often follows this operation is not 

 serious, and, in fact, its formation is stimulated by some practi- 

 tioners. 



Phlebotomy at the Subcutaneous Abdominal. 



This vein is of enormous volume, extending from the udder to 

 the xyjohoid cartilage of the sternum, at the side of the abdomen, 



