)20 



OPEKATIOXS OX THE CrRCULATOET STSTEXI. 



time without aiJ. but if it is desii-able to continue it. the parts may 

 be fomented with wai-m water, or covered with a wai-m poultice, 

 (t) Jjhtdhig at the JPalate. — Bleeding in this region of the 

 mouth is done by a division of the capillai-y network which rests 

 between the mucous membrane and the fibrous coat which liaes 

 the bones for min g the palate. 



The bones rejDresented by the inferior face of the palatine pro- 

 cess of the great maxillary bone, and the posterior face of the 

 short j)rocess of the anterior maxillai-y, ai'e covered with a fibrous 

 coat, which extends over their whole sui-face and the cartilage 

 that fills up the incisive sHt. On each side of the palate i-un the 

 palato-labial ai*teries, which, forward, form 

 an arch, and anastomose together, and give 

 rise to a single branch, which enters the in- 

 cisive canal formed by the internal face of 

 the two small maxillaiies. The veius, which 

 are veiy numerous, foi*m a lai-ge network 

 which fills the space left between these two 

 large ai'teries. The whole is covered by the 

 mucous membrane, which is white, rosy, 

 thick, adherent to the fibrous coat, and 

 showing a number of mgse, about twenty, 

 curved forwai'd and diminishing posteriorly 

 in size and prominence. Anteriorly they are 

 very lai'ge. by reason of the presence of a 

 certain amount of ceUulai- tissue, which di- 

 minishes by degrees, from before backward. 

 The anastomosis of the ai-teries takes place 

 about on a level with the thii'd rugae of the palatine sui'face, and 

 it is, therefore, posterior to this that the bleeding must be per- 

 formed to avoid wounding the arteiy. 



The instrument required is the simple bistoury, or the one rep- 

 resented in figure 451. The operator, facing the animal, and hold- 

 ing the tongue with the left hand, draws it out of the mouth on 

 the right side, and with the edge of the knife turned backward, 

 makes a small incision from before backward, in the middle of the 

 palate between the fourth and fifth rugse. There is no danger of 

 wounding the arteries if the incision is made at the proper place 

 and on the median line. 'When that is the case, the hemon-hage, 

 continuing for a variable length of time, subsides by degrees. 



Fig. 450.— CirciOation 

 of tlie Palate, mn. Pala- 

 tine mucous membrane 

 «, grooves of tlie palate; 

 a, palato-labial artery. 



