ANATOMY OF THE FOOT. 585 



the horse rests. It is the exaggeration of the flat foot. In the 

 pumiced foot the wall has a great obliquity, sometimes even 

 assuming a nearly horizontal direction. 



The horse is never born with such feet; this is a malformation, 

 accidental, or resulting from various causes. One of the most 

 common is lack of care of the foot, of necessary caution, for 

 instance, in paring, or shoeing in such a way as to bring the rest 

 of the foot on the cii'cumference of the under part in such a way 

 that the sole does not touch the ground, and ceases to be pressed 

 by it. Too much concavity of the shoe may bring on this result, 

 by resting only on a too narrow part of the inferior border of the 

 foot ; and by opposition, not enough concavity will compress the 

 tissues, irritate them, and produce the same alteration. Feet 

 become pumiced by laminitis, but this is compHcated with seedy 

 toe. Nevei', then, is the foot pumiced in its whole extent ; its 

 deformity stops always at the limit of the inferior border of the 

 bars ; beyond them, behind, on each side are seen the excavations 

 of the lateral lacunse of the frog, so much deeper that heels are 

 higher. The hoof does not preserve its circular shape. It atro- 

 phies on the side, and presents at the toe an excess of thickness 

 in the wall; the heels assume a greater development. 



This deformity is very serious, and disables the horse easily ; 

 rest takes place only upon the sole and frog ; after laminitis, upon 

 the sole and heels ; it is always very painful. Work upon hard 

 ground and pavement is next to impossible. After laminitis, one 

 sees, during walking, that the foot rests upon the heels, and then 

 by a motion from backward to forward. An animal with pum- 

 iced feet has a tendency to f,orge and interfere; the slightest 

 bruise of the sole gives rise to serious compHcations. One often 

 observes wounds, suppurations, etc. 



The indications are analogous to those of the flat foot; the 

 sole ought to be si>ared as well as the frog, the walls only ought 

 to be slightly trimmed ; the shoe must be made so as to carry 

 the rest upon the border of the wall and protect the sole. When 

 the foot is not pumiced to excess, one must use a broad web shoe, 

 sufficiently concave to allow the sole to rest in it ; but it must 

 not be too excessive, as then the base of the rest would not be 

 very firm. A sheet of gutta-percha, or felt, with tar and oakum, 

 may be placed between the shoe and the foot. 



(c) Club foot (Germ. Bockhuf). — This is the foot in which the 



