742 OPERATIONS UPON THE EYE AND EAR. 



2. Entropion. — This is a malformation in which the border of 

 the hd is turned inward. "SMiile in an ectropion the skin is in 

 excess, the reverse condition is discovered here, where it is defi- 

 cient. It is often the result of ophthalmic attacks, and it may 

 also follow a loss of substance in the conjunctiva, after ulceration, 

 or the removal of foreign growths. According to JJeblanc and 

 D'Ai'boval it may follow some eruptive fevers, or parasitic dis- 

 eases. In entropion there is an increased flow of tears, abundant 

 muco-purulent secretion, keratitis, which may become ulcerative, 

 and loss of sight. 



The treatment consists in the excision of all the inverted por- 

 tion of the deformed lid, which is accomplished by raising it from 

 the globe with a forceps, and separating it with a single cut of 

 the curved scissors, the protruding portion being then amputated. 

 The hemorrhage is stopped with cooling lotions. 



Another mode of operating consists in cutting off only a por- 

 tion of the skin of the lid, and unfolding it by passing the finger 

 under the inverted border. Then a fold of skin is amputated near 

 the free border of the lid, and the edges brought together by 

 twisted pin suture. 



3d. The deformity of trichiasis, or abnormal growth of the 

 lashes has been observed by Leblanc in sheep, but in our domestic 

 animals is a rare disease. 



Amputation of a portion of the skin ; pulling out the eyelashes, 

 followed by cauterization, and extirpation of the free border of 

 the lids, have all been recommended against this abnormality of 

 cutaneous secretion. 



D. — Pathological Growth and Caries of the Membrana 



NiCTITANS. 



Acute inflammation of the third eyehd, either as a symptom 

 of ophthalmia, or resulting from direct traumatism, such as blows, 

 or the presence of foreign bodies, terminating in caries of the 

 constituent cartilage of this delicate organ, or the formation and 

 development of epitheUoma of the mucous membrane, are condi- 

 tions often seen in our domestic animals, principally in horses and 

 dogs. We have often noticed this peculiar affection, so easUy 

 recognized by the presence at the nasal angle of the eye, of granu- 

 lating masses of various sizes, proti'uding at their internal commis- 

 sure of the lids, and over the surface of the cornea, accompanied 



