122 MANUAL OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



The horses were from four to five years old. Some of them 

 stood with depressed and outstretched heads. The ears and 

 extremities were cold. The pulse was about 60 per minute, 

 and the respirations were normal. There was no loss of 

 appetite even in the worst cases, but the animals masticated 

 slowly, swallowed with difficulty, and saliva in abundance 

 was secreted. 



There was a greenish discharge from the nostrils, and 

 when water was taken, much of it returned through the 

 nose. 



The Schneiderian membrane was of a rose-red colour. 

 The submaxillary glands were enlarged on both sides ; they 

 were hard, firm, and about as large as hen's eggs. They 

 were not attached to the skin or bone. The oral mucous 

 membrane was hot, red, and covered with a tenacious 

 secretion, and many small firm nodules, varying in size 

 from a millet to a lentil seed, could be felt in it. The 

 nodules increased in size and number rapidly, and soon 

 appeared on the cheeks, and on the upper and lower surface 

 and frsenum of the tongue. In one or two days later the 

 summits of the nodules presented a whitish appearance, or 

 the epithelium was removed and a small ulcerated surface 

 became apparent. In four or five days later the ulcerations 

 were numerous, the dental surface of the lips, and the top 

 of the frsenum and inferior surface of the tongue being 

 especially aff'ected. About the sixth to eighth day the 

 ulcerations began to heal. The disease ran its course 

 rapidly, and all the cases under treatment recovered in 

 from twelve to fourteen days. 



This disease, on superficial examination, might be mis- 

 taken for glanders, but there are important differences 

 between the two. In the former the ulcers were round, 

 with sharply-defined borders, varying in size from a four- 

 penny-piece to a shilling, and the edges were neither 



