160 MANUAL OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



is more painful and abdominal ; but in pneumonia not 

 associated with pleurisy there are no signs of pain. 



There may be dull dry cough, but there is seldom much 

 expectoration, though rusty or blood-stained, more or less 

 viscid tenacious matter, is sometimes discharged through the 

 nostrils in croupous pneumonia, whereas in bronchitis and 

 catarrhal pneumonia the discharge is more or less purulent. 

 The urine is lessened in amount, and there is excess of urea 

 and diminution of salines, especially chlorides, which 

 probably, as in man, reappear in the urine during conva- 

 lescence in full amount. 



As the inflammation progresses the respirations, which at 

 first were but slightly accelerated, gradually become more 

 so^ until the crisis, when they are much quickened. The 

 breathing is also sometimes much accelerated in the conges- 

 tive paroxysms, which are not at all infrequent during the 

 progress of the malady. The febrile symptoms extend over 

 a x^eriod of several days, or even longer, and then subside. 



Some authorities describe the temperature as gradually 

 subsiding; but we have noted very many instances of acute 

 pneumonia where the defervescence of the fever has occurred 

 suddenly, the temperature falling by crisis from 105° 

 or more to near the normal in the course of two or 

 three hours. The pulse falls, the appetite returns, the 

 secretion of urine is again abundant, and the animal is soon 

 convalescent. 



Physical Signs. — Percussion reveals increased dulness in 

 the second and third stages of ordinary acute pneumonia ; 

 there is, however, usually no impairment of resonance in 

 the first stage. 



In the early stages the respiratory murmur heard in 

 ausculting the chest is harsher and louder than normally ; 

 and abundant fine crepitations are heard during inspiration, 

 and sometimes also in expiration. 



