252 MANUAL OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



bodies, each sarmounted by a head. These are the imma- 

 ture forms of the Taenia Echinococcus. 



The tumours do not present any symptoms by which their 

 presence can be diagnosed. 



Cancerous Tumours. — When infiltrated with nodular or 

 diffuse so-called cancerous tumours, the liver is enlarged, 

 and may be altered in shape. 



Some of these morbid growths spread rapidly, while 

 others extend much more slowly. 



The growths are of rare occurrence in the horse. 



Melanotic Deposits. — Melanotic growths are occasionally 

 found in the liver in circumscribed patches, or in diffused 

 masses. 



Lymphoid Tumours. — Lymphoid growths, when occur- 

 ring in the liver, are often numerous. They occur as smooth 

 nodules of varying size. 



JAUNDICE— ICTERUS. 



Jaundice is, strictly speaking, a symptom of many affec- 

 tions in which the tissues of the body are dyed yellow ; 

 but it is of such importance as to merit a separate de- 

 scription. Jaundice (jaunir, to become yellow), or icterus 

 (/X'^^i^^r, a yellow bird), is so called from the yellow dis- 

 colouration of the conjunctivae, skin, and visible mucous 

 membranes, due to impregnation with the biliary pigment. 



Etiology. — Jaundice may be due to — 



(a) Excess of bile in the blood. — This may be caused by 

 obstruction to the flow of bile into the duodenum, leading 

 to absorption of the secretion by the blood, which thus 

 becomes contaminated. 



Obstruction may depend on catarrhal inflammation of the 

 mucous membrane of the ducts, or upon the presence of 

 foreign bodies in the bile-duct. 



