270 MANUAL OF EQUINE MEDICINE. 



suppuration in its substance. Their impaction and passage 

 along the ureters cause relapsing, excruciating pain. 



Section II. 



DISEASES OF THE BLADDER. 



OYSTITIS, OR INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 



Etiology. — Cystitis is rarely met with in the horse. 



It may be caused by the administration of certain irri- 

 tants, as cantharides or turpentine, or by the absorption of 

 cantharidine from a blister. It may also be set up by the 

 presence of calculi or morbid growths. 



Symptoms. — The animal becomes restless, and shows 

 signs of pain ; he makes frequent attempts to pass water, 

 but micturition is attended with difficulty and pain. 



There are also signs of constitutional fever. If the 

 cystitis be due to cantharides, or croton oil administered 

 by the mouth, the alimentary canal throughout is more or 

 less inflamed. If cantharides be absorbed from a blistered 

 surface, the efl'ect is chiefly upon the urinary organs, 

 causing hsematuria and sexual excitement. 



Morbid Anatomy. — The mucous membrane of the bladder 

 is variously altered in proportion to the intensity of the in- 

 flammation. 



The membrane-lining usually presents an appearance of 

 ordinary acute or chronic catarrhal inflammation, attended 

 with more or less secretion of mucus or muco-pus. The 

 urine often becomes rapidly ammoniacal. In very severe 

 cases the mucous membrane may become ulcerated. 



Treatment. — In cystitis arising from absorption of irri- 

 tant poison from a blister, the latter should be at once 

 washed off". 



Internally, opium and hyoscyamus, or belladonna, are 



